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Many Nigerians believe breast cancer caused by spiritual attacks, witchcraft – Expert shares insights

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The World Health Organisation, WHO, has warned of a rising cancer burden. Breast cancer remains the most common cancer among women in Nigeria, with many myths, cultural perceptions, and structural barriers hindering early detection and treatment.

In this exclusive interview with us, Dr Nwamaka Lasebikan, Director of Research and Innovation at the National Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, NICRAT, shares insights. Excerpts:

Breast Cancer awareness in Nigeria

She had this to say: “Breast cancer remains the most common cancer among women in Nigeria, yet many myths, cultural perceptions, and structural barriers hinder early detection and treatment. Misinformation about breast cancer is widespread in Nigeria, and it often leads to delayed diagnosis and poor treatment outcomes.

One of the most common myths include that ‘breast cancer is caused by spiritual attacks or witchcraft.’ Many believe cancer is a punishment or an attack from spiritual forces. This misconception discourages people from seeking medical care and instead relying on traditional healers. Breast cancer is a biological disease, not a spiritual affliction.

Some also erroneously say ‘If I don’t feel pain, it’s not cancer.’ However, most early-stage breast cancers are painless. Waiting for pain before seeking medical help can lead to late-stage diagnosis.

There are many who believe that ‘breast cancer means automatic death.’ This belief stems from the fact that many cases in Nigeria are diagnosed at stage 3 or 4, when treatment options are limited. However, early detection through clinical breast exams, ultrasounds, and mammograms significantly improves survival rates.

There’s also this wrong notion that ‘Only women get breast cancer.’ While much less common, men can also develop breast cancer, and stigma often prevents them from seeking help.

Meanwhile, to some certain people, it’s believed that ‘Squeezing or touching the breast too much causes cancer.’ However, there is no scientific evidence that breast stimulation causes cancer.

Addressing these misconceptions through community outreach, media campaigns, and culturally sensitive education programs is crucial to improving early diagnosis and treatment outcomes in Nigeria”.

Most common risk factors for developing breast cancer

According to the medical expert, “Breast cancer risk factors include a mix of biological, environmental, and lifestyle influences.

The risk increases with age, but younger women (30s–40s) are increasingly being diagnosed.

Family history and genetics is also a factor. A strong family history of breast cancer raises the risk, especially if a mother, sister, or aunt has had the disease, i.e. first degree relative.

Women who have their first child after 30 or have never given birth have a higher risk due to prolonged exposure to estrogen.

Lack of breastfeeding is a risk factor too. Breastfeeding reduces risk by lowering estrogen levels, but many urban women are opting for shorter breastfeeding periods.

Then you talk of obesity and poor diet. It’s important to stress here that high consumption of processed foods, trans fats, and sugary drinks is a growing problem in Nigeria, increasing cancer risk.

In addition, alcohol and smoking – as lifestyle factors, once uncommon in Nigerian women – are becoming more prevalent and contributing to increased cases.

Another risk factor is exposure to environmental toxins. Nigeria has poor waste management and industrial pollution, leading to increased exposure to carcinogenic chemicals that can affect breast tissue.

So, understanding these risk factors enables individuals to make proactive lifestyle changes and prioritize regular screenings.”

Does breast cancer have anything to do with genetics?

Yes, genetics plays a role, but not all breast cancers are hereditary.

In Nigeria, about 5–10% of breast cancer cases are due to inherited genetic mutations, mainly BRCA1 and BRCA2.

Genetic testing is not widely available or affordable, meaning many high-risk individuals are unaware of their genetic predisposition.

A family history of breast cancer, especially in a first-degree relative (mother, sister, daughter), increases risk significantly.

There is growing evidence that African and Nigerian women may have unique genetic risk factors, which require more research and investment in genomic medicine.

For women with a strong family history, early screening (clinical breast exams, ultrasounds, and mammograms) from age 30 is advised. Genetic counseling should be integrated into oncology care in Nigeria to help high-risk individuals make informed decisions. At NICRAT, we are working to understand the genetic drivers of breast cancer in Nigerian women.

Are there specific lifestyle changes or diets that can help reduce the risk of breast cancer?

Yes! While no lifestyle choice guarantees prevention, certain habits can significantly lower the risk.

Eat a balanced, plant-based diet. Increase vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and foods rich in antioxidants. Reduce processed meats, deep-fried foods, and high-sugar diets, which contribute to obesity and inflammation.

Also, it’s important that one maintains a healthy weight. Obesity, especially after menopause, increases estrogen levels, raising breast cancer risk. Exercising regularly can also help. At least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week lowers hormone-related cancer risks.

In addition to the above, one should limit alcohol consumption. This is because even moderate alcohol intake increases breast cancer risk.

Then again, women should breastfeed if possible – prolonged breastfeeding (>1 year) lowers risk, and avoid smoking and exposure to harmful chemicals.

Meanwhile, many Nigerian women use skin-lightening creams containing harmful chemicals, which may have long-term carcinogenic effects. Therefore, investing in health education programs to encourage lifestyle modifications should be prioritized at the national level.

At what age should women start getting regular mammograms?

For women at average risk: Start mammograms at age 40, then every 1–2 years.

For high-risk women (e.g., family history, BRCA mutations, previous chest radiation): Screening should begin as early as 30 years, often with ultrasound and MRI before mammography.

Attempts are being made to provide breast screening programs and integrate ultrasound-based detection, which is more accessible.

Raising awareness about clinical breast exams and self-breast awareness remains critical.

How can family members and friends best support someone going through breast cancer treatment?

Following a diagnosis of breast cancer, many women are anxious and emotionally unstable. Offering emotional support, encouragement without judgment or pity, being present are what matters more than words. Provide them with this pillar of support all through their cancer journey from diagnosis to treatment and post treatment.

Other ways to support is by assisting with hospital visits, cooking, and childcare.

Breast cancer treatment is expensive, and many patients struggle with out-of-pocket costs. Family crowdfunding can help.

Encourage adherence to treatment. Many patients abandon chemotherapy either due to side effects, financial constraints, or cultural beliefs.

Avoid harmful statements – instead of “Be strong,” say, “I’m here for you.” Instead of “God will heal you, if you have faith,” say, “Let’s explore all treatment options together, and believe God to ensure the treatment works.”

Community and faith-based organizations should play an active role in supporting cancer patients rather than promoting alternative, unproven treatments.

What are some challenges breast cancer survivors face after treatment, and how can they be addressed?

Breast cancer survivors in Nigeria face fear of recurrence. Here, support groups and counseling can help.

Lack of follow-up care – many hospitals don’t have structured survivorship programs.

Also, financial hardship is another challenge as post-treatment expenses (hormonal therapy, imaging) remain high.

In addition to the above, many survivors struggle to return to work due to stigma.

Whereas, mastectomy and chemotherapy can as well affect confidence.

Solutions to the above challenges include implementing survivorship care as detailed in the national cancer program, and promotion of policies protecting survivors in the workplace.

Final words

Breast cancer awareness in Nigeria must go beyond annual campaigns. It requires consistent education, improved screening accessibility, and policy reforms to ensure early detection and better survival outcomes. On World Cancer Day 2025, let’s commit to advocating for affordable screening programs, challenging myths and misinformation, and supporting survivors beyond treatment.

Together, we can transform the breast cancer narrative in Nigeria and save more lives.

 

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Dangote Refinery reduces diesel price

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Dangote Refinery has reduced the price of automotive gas oil to N1,020 per litre from N1,075.

The spokesperson for Dangote Group, Anthony Chiejina, confirmed the development to our exclusively on Tuesday.

Accordingly, the oil firm slashed the price of diesel by N55.

“Yes, we have reduced the price of our diesel,” he told us in an interview on Tuesday.

Since it began diesel production in January 2024, the refinery has reduced the price of diesel more than three times, from an initial N1,700 per litre to the current rate.

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Tinubu recounts how ex-Governor Obaseki frustrated establishment of National Obstetrics Fistula Centre in Edo

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President Bola Ahmed Tinubu on Tuesday recounted how the immediate past governor of Edo State, Godwin Obaseki, frustrated the establishment of a National Obstetrics Fistula Centre in Benin City, the state capital.

We reports that a statement by the Chief Press Secretary to the Governor, Fred Itua, made available to newsmen, said President Tinubu gave this account during the signing of a memorandum of understanding for the establishment of the centre in the state.

Tinubu spoke through the Minister of State for Health and Social Welfare, Dr Ishaq Salako, who led a delegation to the State Government House for the signing of the MoU.

According to him, in May 2023, just before President Tinubu assumed office, the National Obstetrics Fistula Centre was established in Benin City.

“The centre did not receive the necessary cooperation from the then government of Edo State, led by Godwin Obaseki.

“We struggled from May 2023 till November 2024 before you became the Governor of Edo State, but in about three months, we have achieved what we could not achieve in about 24 months.

“All thanks to your administration. We appreciate your support, as we have been able to secure a temporary centre to begin operations in Benin City.

“His Excellency has also allocated 24 hectares of land for the permanent centre. You have demonstrated that you are a political son of the President, who is prioritising healthcare at the federal level, while also doing the same in Edo State,” he said.

The President, who noted that fistula is a serious health challenge, added that Nigeria has the highest burden of fistula cases in the world.

He said about 12,000 cases of the disease are recorded annually in the country.

He further stated that fistula is not just a medical condition but also a social and psychological issue, as some individuals with the condition resort to suicide.

The President noted that the Federal Government has launched a free fistula management programme, which also provides social support and rehabilitation.

He disclosed that, as of today, about 1,700 cases have received free treatment, expressing hope that the programme will continue to expand.

In his remarks, Governor Okpebholo commended the President for transforming Edo State, stating that the people would continue to appreciate him for the various development-oriented projects he has initiated.

Okpebholo emphasised that healthcare is a priority for the people of Edo and that the centre would serve not only the state but also the wider South-South region and neighbouring states.

“The Chief Medical Director of the centre has been struggling for the past two years. This centre belongs to the South-South, but it is located in Edo, and Edo people will benefit from it.

“I have no excuse but to support the establishment of the centre. The hospital will commence operations soon, as the Edo State Government is committed to supporting it, and we thank the Federal Government for choosing Edo State,” he added.

 

 

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Abuja: Accommodation seekers share nerve-racking experiences, knock house agents

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Nigerians seeking accommodation in Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory, FCT, are not having the best of time.

House agents are said to have turned the experience into a nightmare.

Abuja is known for its beautiful landscape, tree-lined boulevards and bustling metropolis. It is the seat of Nigeria’s administrative and political power.

Home to various embassies, government parastatals, private companies and universities, among other amenities like stadiums, hotels and an airport. Abuja embodies the promise of a better life for many migrants who flock to the city in search of greener pastures.

However, findings by we revealed that, for those who seek shelter away from home, the dream can quickly turn into a nightmare.

The housing market in Abuja has become a minefield where unsuspecting renters fall victim to the deceitful tactics of housing agents, who exploit their desperation.

The government and private estate developers have not been able to close the gap between supply and demand, resulting in poorly constructed buildings.

Hence, the pressure on infrastructure has overstretched the city, forcing many to the neighbouring states such as Nasarawa and Niger states.

Not only is it a problem to find affordable housing but the cost of a home in Abuja is also way higher than its monetary value, which includes an incredibly long period of hunting and, for most people, the physical and mental stress of choosing between waterlogged estates or a house unreasonably far from their workplace.

However, that is only a tip of the challenge as the road from inspection to final payment is lined with many crooked agents.

We gathered that it has become compulsory to pay an inspection fee when searching for an apartment in Abuja.

It has also been reported that they influence house owners into jerking up their rent.

Speaking to us, Abdul Abubakar narrated the number of times he was duped by a supposed agent in his quest to get an apartment.

“The number of times I have been scammed is alarming. Some agents have turned this practice into a business, where they collect fees from multiple people under false pretenses.

“On several occasions, I was taken to view an apartment and charged an inspection fee, only to discover that the apartment had already been rented out to someone else.

“Yet, these agents continue to bring apartment seekers to view the property and charge them,” he said.

Also speaking, Mike Okonkwo, who moved to Abuja last year, said he eagerly began his search for a one-bedroom apartment, describing his experience with housing agents as a far cry from what he had expected.

He said, “My worst mistake was allowing my desperation to get the better of me when I eventually paid a commitment fee for a property based solely on the agent’s description and photos.

“It turned out to be a disaster: the property was in a dire state with damp walls and broken facilities in the kitchen and bathroom.”

On her part, Amina Sule bemoaned how house agents have almost become predators feeding fat on their prey, expressing disappointment on how things have turned out in Nigeria.

“It is incredibly disappointing to see how everything in this country becomes an opportunity for scam. Nigerians need to do better.

“I have found myself in several verbal arguments with these scammers. The situation is frustrating, especially when you’re trying to find a place to live and instead, you are met with deceit and exploitation,” she lamented.

According to another victim of house agents exploitation, Kehinde Adeoye, the house market is rife with scams and the house agent is the latest cash cow in Abuja, adding that the lack of regulations governing the housing market in Abuja and its environs has made it easy for the agents to operate with impunity, leaving tenants with little recourse when they are victimised.

Again, Anniefiok Essien, who hails from Akwa-Ibom state but moved to Abuja to earn a living, said his experience with Abuja housing agents had been very unpleasant, revealing that the agents abandoned him to his fate after renting out a two-bedroom apartment in a storey-building with damp walls.

“My experience has been disappointing, to say the least. I moved into my current house six months ago after paying 20 per cent to agents who shared the profit among themselves in my presence.

“My house is in Mararaba and it is a two-bedroomed apartment.

“The rent was N850,000. The agents charged me an additional N150,000 for the house.

“I have yet to recover all that money because they have not fulfilled their promise to me. The kitchen is in bad shape. I have used my money to renovate the house, yet they swore they will use part of the 20 per cent to offset the bills.

“Just last week, after accepting that it is a waste of time waiting for them to fix some of the bad items, I coughed up N30,000 to fix the doors. The caretaker and the agent are all the same.

“During the rainy season last year, the walls got soaked in water. I am talking about a storey-building. God forbid that anything happens,’’ he lamented.

Narrating his own ordeal, Solomon Ogwuche described how desperate Abuja house agents could be, especially insisting to collect inspection or viewing fees.

“I had one agent who gave me a hard time because I refused to view an apartment without first seeing a video of it.

“I didn’t want to waste my time or money on a viewing fee for an apartment I wouldn’t even like. He insisted that I didn’t need to see a video and that I should just come, pay and view it. His attitude changed entirely when I stood my ground, revealing how desperate they are to secure the fee without any genuine service,” he narrated.

Also speaking to us is a couple, Judith and Ameh Peter, who said house agents frustrated them immediately they moved to Abuja after their wedding, stating that they also used several apps to find a house in their preferred location.

“Agents built a house ‘on top of our heads.’ When we first came here after our marriage, we had a budget for the kind of house we were looking for but to our shock, it became a tall dream to find one.

“We used several housing apps to find a house targeting our preferred location. First of all, the agents charged us inspection fees. The lowest we paid was N3,500. Imagine paying about three of them daily. Their transportation fare was also on us.

“The annoying part was that many of the agents we met did not take us to the location we agreed on based on pictures and videos. We trusted them since they were from a registered platform.

“But it is either they told us the house key was with the main agent or that they had a better property to show us. At the end of the day, we had to pay outrageous charges to settle down and focus on other things,” the couple concluded.

According to Sunday John, who lent his voice to the house agent exploitation in Nigeria, “These agents are like bloodthirsty sharks, eager to exploit anyone they can.

“If you are seeking an apartment, be very aware and vigilant. It’s essential to protect yourself from being taken advantage of by these unscrupulous individuals.

“The practice of charging inspection fees in Abuja has become a way for housing agents to scam people out of their money.

“It’s vital for Nigerians to stand up against such practices and demand better.”

Ifeyinwa Ubani said she moved to Abuja following her transfer from Asaba, Delta state, explaining that she has been to no fewer than 20 properties before deciding to settle down in Karu, a suburb of Abuja

She said, “I can tell you that I have seen over 20 properties in this city before I finally paid for the present one in Karu.

“The agent charged me 20 per cent which he said included legal fees. Yet, we did not sign any contractual agreement with a lawyer or witness.

“He brought out an old form which required scanty details after I transferred the money to the landlord’s account. I was very disappointed. I had better expectations of Abuja.”

Another resident, Paul Igoche, who shared his horrible experiences with us, narrated how six different people showed up when he was about to pay the rent of the apartment he acquired after a painful long search.

“During my house search, one agent decided to help me find a suitable apartment in one of the estates in federal housing, Lugbe.

“We toured many locations around Lugbe to find one. Each time I thought my struggles had come to an end, I realised that I had only just begun.

“Finally, when I was about to seal the accommodation deal, six people showed up, all claiming that they were the main agent.

“One said he had direct contact with the owner, and the other one said she was the one who convinced the landlord to bring down the rent because the facility was old.

“The one I contacted said he brought me to the property and convinced me to pay. It was very embarrassing. Everyone had a stake including those I had never met. You needed to see the entourage of agents that followed me,” he added.

On his part, Michael Akor said the gross illegalities being perpetrated by the middlemen (agents) have continued to bite potential tenants hard in their search for apartments in Abuja and its neighbouring localities.

Akor said their activities range from extortion of a high amount of money from potential tenants as agent fees and inspection fees, defrauding the potential tenants of their money without giving them a house, and sometimes, kidnapping the potential tenants.

“As a concerned citizen and a former victim of the current wave of illegalities of the house agents, I am lending my voice on the issue.

“The extortion has made acquisition of houses by tenants within the places under consideration a Herculean and risky venture, especially for low income earners.

“The high vulnerability of people to the fraudulent outings of these agents need to be looked into.

“A one-room self-contained house that used to be N70-80,000 around Mararaba now goes for between N250-350,000. On a normal level, the house owner charges N150,000, but the agents end up inflating it to N250-300,000. Some potential tenants get kidnapped in the process or get defrauded,” he stated.

He urged the government to take proactive measures to curtail the ugly trend by clamping down on the house agents to halt the illegality.

“There should be proper and favourable housing rules which should be tailored towards curtailing the excesses of house owners and agents.

“The agents and house owners should be strictly monitored to operate within the ambit of the law through proper license and certification.

“Potential tenants should also be highly cautious and put excess desperation aside when looking for a house.

“This will reduce their vulnerability to the fraudulent intentions of house agents and house owners.

“On this, payment should be made only after an intensive verification of the authentic details of the house.

“The government should also intensify its effort in providing affordable houses to low income earners through housing schemes,” he concluded.

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